Biology is a branch of natural science which focuses on studying the physical structure and chemical processes related to living organisms. Evolutionary biology is concerned with the evolutionary processes which are responsible for the diverse life forms present on Earth. This includes a detailed investigation of common descent, natural selection and speciation. The discipline of evolutionary biology can be classified into theoretical biology, field biology, experimental biology, paleontology and evolutionary developmental biology. Some of the emerging areas of study under this discipline are sexual selection, genetic drift, mutation bias, molecular genetics, evolutionary synthesis, phylogenetics, etc. Evolutionary biology finds extensive applications in the fields of animal husbandry and drug development. This book attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under the discipline of evolutionary biology and how such concepts have practical applications. It aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of evolutionary biology. This book is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.